Friday, March 29, 2013

Demand for state projections by the Census Bureau?

You might be aware that the Census Bureau published National Population Projections (2010-2060) a couple of months ago.

In 2005, the Bureau published State Population Projections and they haven’t done that since.

Who would be using State Population Projections and for what purpose?

Thursday, March 28, 2013

Finding geographies with geographies in American FactFinder

Someone asked "Is there a way on American Factfinder to get info for census tracts within Census Designated Places? In other words, Geo within a Geo?

I knew how to do this on the old FactFinder, but not on the new one. Fortunately, one of the other Data Detectives did!

If you go to Geographies, click “all geography types” and then select summary level 080 “Census Tract (or part)”. You can then walk down your selections and select, for example, “New York”, “Suffolk”, “Babylon”, “West Babylon” and at the bottom all the tracts and part of tracts within West Babylon CDP.

If you go to the “Name” tab you can do something similar (don’t forget to select “all geography types”). I find it easiest to start with opening the “Summary levels” instead of the “geography types”. You can select tracts for more places at once using this route.


The first option worked for me; still haven't mastered the second...


Wednesday, March 27, 2013

Commuting (Journey to Work) stats

Commuting (Journey to Work) refers to a worker’s travel from home to work. Place of work refers to the geographic location of the worker’s job. Work at home refers to a worker who does not commute to a different geographic area from work, meaning their place of work is their home. Daytime population refers to the estimated number of people who are residing and working in an area during the “daytime” working hours.

There are several surveys conducted by the Census Bureau that ask questions related to commuting including means of transportation, time of departure, mean travel time to work, vehicles available, distance traveled, and expenses associated with commuting.

Tuesday, March 26, 2013

State and Local Government Tax Revenue: 4th Quarter 2012

This summary shows quarterly tax revenue statistics on property, sales, license, income and other taxes. Statistics are shown for individual state governments as well as national estimates of total state and local taxes, including 12-month calculations. This quarterly survey has been conducted continuously since 1962. Internet address:

Monday, March 25, 2013

Pew Research Center Releases 2013 State of News Media Report

From the Pew Research Center's Project for Excellence in Journalism:


In 2012, a continued erosion of news reporting resources converged with growing opportunities for those in politics, government agencies, companies and others to take their messages directly to the public.

Signs of the shrinking reporting power are documented throughout this year’s report. Estimates for newspaper newsroom cutbacks in 2012 put the industry down 30% since its peak in 2000 and below 40,000 full-time professional employees for the first time since 1978. In local TV, our special content report reveals, sports, weather and traffic now account on average for 40% of the content produced on the newscasts studied while story lengths shrink. On CNN, the cable channel that has branded itself around deep reporting, produced story packages were cut nearly in half from 2007 to 2012. Across the three cable channels, coverage of live events during the day, which often require a crew and correspondent, fell 30% from 2007 to 2012 while interview segments, which tend to take fewer resources and can be scheduled in advance, were up 31%. Time magazine, the only major print news weekly left standing, cut roughly 5% of its staff in early 2013 as a part of broader company layoffs.

Friday, March 22, 2013

Debut Issue of 'Big Data' Journal Features Syracuse iSchool Roundtable

A new academic journal, Big Data, debuted this month, and its first issue features a recap of a spirited roundtable discussion conducted with a team from the Syracuse University School of Information Studies (iSchool).

The article, Educating the Next Generation of Data Scientists [PDF], captures a wide range of perspectives about the subject voiced during a roundtable moderated by the journal?s editor-in-chief, Edd Dumbill. Participating on the discussion panel were iSchool Dean Elizabeth D. Liddy; Senior Associate Dean and Professor Jeffrey Stanton; information management and data science graduate student Kate Mueller; and Microsoft FUSE Lab?s Shelly Farnham.

The discussion began with panelists addressing the basic question of defining the field of data science. It turned to observations about patterns and trends in data education, including the iSchool at Syracuse University?s approach of educating for the full lifecycle of the data field. Panelists also spoke about students who are entering the field and their various backgrounds and subject matter orientations. The high demand for data graduates, as well as career options and the needs of business and industry for data specialists also were detailed. In addition, panelists touched on the importance of higher education continuing its connection to and collaboration with industries who are hiring in the data field...

The journal, published by Mary Ann Liebert, Inc., is designed to ?bring together the community to address current challenges and enforce effective efforts to organize, store, disseminate, protect, manipulate, and, most importantly, find the most effective strategies to make this incredible amount of information work to benefit society, industry, academia, and government,? the issue states.

Thursday, March 21, 2013

Household Debt in the U.S.: 2000 to 2011 and Measuring the Wealth of U.S. Households

The percentage of U.S. households holding some form of debt declined from 74 percent to 69 percent between 2000 and 2011, according to new statistics released today by the U.S. Census Bureau. At the same time, the median amount of household debt increased over this period from $50,971 to $70,000 (in 2011 constant dollars). These statistics are part of a larger package released today that contains statistics on household wealth, asset ownership and debt.

These statistics come from Household Debt in the U.S.: 2000 to 2011 and accompanying detailed tables that examine the median value of debt and percent holding debt for households, by various characteristics of the householder, such as race and Hispanic origin, age, education and income quintile.

Between 2000 and 2011, the largest increases in median debt were experienced in households with householders age 35 to 44 (to $108,000), 45 to 54 (to $86,500) and 55 to 64 (to $70,000). However, the largest percentage increases in debt belonged to householders 55 to 64 years old (64 percent) and 65 and older (more than doubling to $26,000). Furthermore, people 65 and older were the only age group whose likelihood of holding debt rose over the period (from 41 percent to 44 percent). The opposite pattern was observed for those under 65.

“Those 65 and over became more likely to hold debt against their homes, and their median housing debt increased, as well, which explains a significant portion of the increase in their overall debt between 2000 and 2011,” Census Bureau economist Marina Vornovytskyy said.

During the period, the composition of debt held by households also changed considerably. While the percentage holding credit card debt declined from 51 percent in 2000 to 38 percent in 2011, the percentage holding other unsecured debt, such as educational loans and medical bills not covered by insurance, rose from 11 percent to 19 percent.
“Householders under age 45 experienced the largest increases in both the likelihood of holding other debt and the amount of other debt,” Vornovytskyy said.

Also released was Household Wealth in the U.S.: 2000 to 2011 and associated detailed tables that examine the median value of assets and percent holding assets for households in 2011, by type of asset owned and householder characteristics similar to those explored in Household Debt in the U.S.: 2000 to 2011.

According to Household Wealth in the U.S.: 2000 to 2011, median net worth rose from $81,821 in 2000 to $106,585 in 2005, before declining to $68,828 in 2011 (in 2011 constant dollars). Median net worth excluding home equity has not exhibited the same degree of variability as overall median net worth: it showed no statistically significant change between 2000 and 2005 and decreased by $3,815 (or 18 percent) between 2005 and 2011.

"The changes in overall median net worth observed over the past decade have been driven primarily by changes in one of its major components — equity that American households hold in their homes," Census Bureau economist Alfred Gottschalck said.

Over this same time period, there was significant regional variation in the changes in median net worth. The West experienced the largest changes over the last decade, increasing from $78,999 in 2000 to $146,841 in 2005 and then decreasing to $59,431 by 2011.

Between 2010 and 2011, median net worth showed no statistically significant change. Median net worth excluding home equity increased from $15,546 to $16,942.

Wednesday, March 20, 2013

New migration tables show about 130,000 people moved per day

Across the country, 47.3 million people lived in a different house a year earlier and 17.3 million of them lived in a different county within the U.S., according to information the U.S. Census Bureau released on migration. This translates to an average of about 130,000 people moving every day.

Seven of the top 10 flows of movers were among counties in the Los Angeles and Riverside-San Bernardino, Calif., metropolitan areas. An estimated 44,020 people — or an average of about 121 per day — moved from Los Angeles County to San Bernardino County, Calif., which is the largest number of people moving from one county to another in the nation. The rest of the top 10 flows of movers were people moving among counties in the Miami, Phoenix, Detroit and Chicago metro areas.

These findings were released in a series of County-to-County Migration Flow Tables, which come from data collected by the American Community Survey between 2006 and 2010. In the survey, household members were asked where they lived a year ago and responses were combined into a weighted average for the period. The tables give added information on current county of residence, the county of residence one year ago and the estimated number of movers between the counties. Additional tables provide the same information broken down by selected characteristics: age, sex, race or Hispanic origin.

New Census Flows Mapper

To help users understand and interact with these statistics, the Census Bureau has developed an online mapping tool called Census Flows Mapper. This application allows users to select a county in the U.S. and view the outbound, inbound and net migration flows for that county. Additionally, users can choose flows based on characteristics such as age, sex, race or Hispanic origin.
The application also allows users to download data, zoom in and out on the map to an area of interest, view additional statistics of the selected county and save their map as a PDF file.

Other County-Level Highlights

The largest yearly county-to-county flows originated from Los Angeles County. The characteristics of those movers, however, are different depending on where they moved. About half (48.9 percent) of those moving to Orange County were between the ages of 18 and 34, compared with 35.7 percent moving to San Bernardino County. San Bernardino had a higher percentage of movers under 18 than Orange County (30.2 percent vs. 19.2 percent).

Besides the county-to-county flow tables, there are also tables that contain flows for minor civil divisions for Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, Michigan, Minnesota, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, Vermont and Wisconsin.

Tuesday, March 19, 2013

Alzheimer's 2013 Facts and Figures

Released today, the Alzheimer's Association 2013 Alzheimer's Disease Facts and Figures report reveals new statistics on the ever-growing weight of Alzheimer's disease on our nation. The report uncovers new information on growing death rates, the cost of the disease, and the burden placed on long-distance caregivers.

"Unfortunately today there are no Alzheimer's survivors. If you have Alzheimer's disease, you either die from it or die with it. Now we know that 1 in every 3 seniors dies with Alzheimer's disease or another dementia. Urgent, meaningful action is necessary, particularly as more and more people age into greater risk for developing a disease that has no cure and no way to slow or stop its progression," said Harry Johns, president and CEO of the Alzheimer's Association.

By 2025, the number of people 65 and older with Alzheimer's disease is estimated to reach 7.1 million – a 40 percent increase from 5 million aged 65 and older currently affected

Monday, March 18, 2013

UNdata - a data access system to UN databases

The United Nations Statistics Division (UNSD) of the Department of Economic and Social Affairs (DESA) launched an Internet-based data service for the global user community. It brings UN statistical databases within easy reach of users through a single entry point. Users can now search and download a variety of statistical resources of the UN system.

Since its foundation, the United Nations System has been collecting statistical information from member states on a variety of topics. The information thus collected constitutes a considerable information asset of the organization. However, these statistical data are often stored in proprietary databases, each with unique dissemination and access policies. As a result, users are often unaware of the full array of statistical information that the UN system has in its data libraries. The current arrangement also means that users are required to move from one database to another to access different types of information. UNdata addresses this problem by pooling major UN databases and those of several international into one single internet environment. The innovative design allows a user to access a large number of UN databases either by browsing the data series or through a keyword search.

Useful features like Country Profiles, Advanced Search and Glossaries are also provided to aid research. The numerous databases, tables and glossaries containing over 60 million data points cover a wide range of themes including Agriculture, Crime, Education, Employment, Energy, Environment, Health, HIV/AIDS, Human Development, Industry, Information and Communication Technology, National Accounts, Population, Refugees, Tourism, Trade, as well as the Millennium Development Goals indicators. Whilst this initial version of UNdata is fully equipped with all the functionalities for data access, the development team is continuously adding new databases and features to further enhance the usefulness to users. When fully developed, UNdata will have a comprehensive array of international and national databases providing the world instant access to a wealth of statistical information.

Saturday, March 16, 2013

The Ultimate Regional Vocabulary Throwdown

From BuzzFeed:

These maps break down the most debated items. "Pop" v. "soda" is only the tip of the iceberg.

Friday, March 15, 2013

Federal Agencies with Statistical Programs

The Federal Committee on Statistical Methodology (FCSM) is an interagency committee dedicated to improving the quality of Federal statistics. The first meeting of the FCSM was held in the summer of 1975. The letter of invitation from Maria E. Gonzalez, founder of the FCSM, said that "The FCSM will focus on recommending standards for statistical methodology to be followed by Federal statistical agencies. The Committee shall investigate problems which affect the quality of Federal Statistical data, as well as make suggestions for improving statistical methodology in Federal agencies." The Office of Management and Budget invites individual statisticians, economists or managers working in the Executive Branch to participate as members of the FCSM based on their particular experience.

Here is a list of federal agencies with statistical programs.

Thursday, March 14, 2013

Online Tracking: The Things You Didn’t Know [Infographic]

From HERE:

When you are browsing the Internet, do you really know what information you are sharing? Most people don’t have a clue that everything they do online could be being tracked. This includes what websites you visit, what you are interested in, and even who you really are. Most people stay unaware of their own footprints on the Internet, and how online tracking is affecting their experience. By knowing more about your online footprint, you have a chance to enhance your own browsing experience.

Governments around the world want to control the Internet down to its smallest fiber. What few people know is that we are already tracked in a way that makes our privacy quite obscured. We think we have privacy when browsing, but nothing could farther from the truth. As a matter of fact, everything we do can be tracked. Everything.

Wednesday, March 13, 2013

Which state university grads earn the most?

From MoneyWatch:

Which of the nation's top state universities produce graduates who go on to make the biggest bucks?

Among all 50 state "flagship" schools, recent graduates of the University of California-Berkeley earn the highest median starting salary, at $53,100, according to CollegeMeasures.org. In comparison, new graduates at the University of South Dakota in the small town of Vermillion earn the least, at $35,900.

State flagship universities are typically the most prestigious public university in each of the 50 states. Such school typically attract higher performing students, receive greater financial support from their respective state governments and enjoy the best graduation rates among public institutions in their states.

Tuesday, March 12, 2013

Best publications for mobile apps

Someone from a listserv was looking for recommendations for publications (any format), Web sites, experts, and blogs that can keep the reader up-to-date on popular and innovative mobile apps, especially in business and higher education; inform about mobile computing trends; and/or provide insights about how mobile and cloud computing are disrupting existing business models and affecting socio-economic factors.

There were a number of responses, not all of which I have had a chance to check out:

The MaRS Market Intelligence team is actually putting together a Mobile Apps page on its Startup Library, an online resource created to help technology Entrepreneurs and startups, scheduled to launch on March 21. Here are "just a few of the resources (all free and publicly available on the web) that will be on that page." [Except *]

For General Mobile App trends & Statistics:

App Genome Report (Lookout) is a security survey of mobile apps, which by the start of 2013 had scanned and mapped over 500,000 mobile apps from multiple mobile platforms and app markets.

Distimo offers a free monthly publication, which provides industry metrics for all mobile platforms.

mobiThinking provides insight and information for mobile marketers offering analysis and interviews with leading industry professionals. Its extensive compendium of mobile statistics offers a section on mobile apps, app stores, pricing and failure rates.

Mobile Statistics is a simple, elegant website offers mobile and mobile app statistics through interactive graphs.

*MIT Technology Review. Heavy coverage of mobile.


iOS App Trends & Statistics:

iOSappStats houses relevant iOS app statistics, searchable by region, genre and paid versus free. This site also supplies news and reviews and a collection of compelling infographics focused on mobile app trends.

Android App Trends & Statistics:

AppBrain: Android Market Stats - This website offers stats on available Android apps as well as downloads, ratings, categories and more. Figures on Android phone use are also available.

Tracking Latest Developments in Mobile Apps:

Inside Mobile Apps publishes news and market research for the social application ecosystem. The AppData section of the site gives a weekly ranking of the top downloaded apps for iOS, Android and Facebook. Inside Mobile Apps is a part of the Inside Network which provides blogs and paid research products to clients in social media, mobile apps and social commerce.

TechNewsWorld publishes daily on major tech developments and news. It frequently posts articles on new app releases and developer profiles.

Blogs:

VisionMobile—blog

Xylogic—blog

BGR - Boy Genius Report

Friday, March 8, 2013

Promotion of Prescription Drugs to Consumers and Providers, 2001–2010

Pharmaceutical firms heavily promote their products and may have changed marketing strategies in response to reductions in new product approvals, restrictions on some forms of promotion, and the expanding role of biologic therapies.

Total promotion peaked in 2004 at US$36.1 billion (13.4% of sales). By 2010 it had declined to $27.7B (9.0% of sales). Between 2006 and 2010, similar declines were seen for promotion to providers and direct-to-consumer advertising (both by 25%). DTCA’s share of total promotion increased from 12% in 2002 to 18% in 2006, but then declined to 16% and remains highly concentrated. Number of products promoted to providers peaked in 2004 at over 3000, and then declined 20% by 2010. In contrast to top-selling small molecule therapies having an average of $370 million (8.8% of sales) spent on promotion, top biologics were promoted less, with only $33 million (1.4% of sales) spent per product. Little change occurred in the composition of promotion between primary care physicians and specialists from 2001–2010.
Conclusions

These findings suggest that pharmaceutical companies have reduced promotion following changes in the pharmaceutical pipeline and patent expiry for several blockbuster drugs. Promotional strategies for biologic drugs differ substantially from small molecule therapies.

More from the Public Library of Science

Thursday, March 7, 2013

Statistic Brain

"Statistic Brain is a group of passionate number people. We love numbers, their purity, and what they represent. Numbers can bring humans together, they tell us how we are alike and how we are beautifully unique. Numbers are a way to reflect on how far we’ve come and give us hope for the future.

"Our goal is to bring you accurate and timely statistics. We will never become number analysts because we believe numbers should only be interpreted by the reader. We want to educate, assist, and sometimes entertain with numbers on every subject."

"We hope that today you learn something new, find inspiration for tomorrow, and use your knowledge for something good."

Topics include
Business
Company
Crime
Demographic
Education
Entertainment
Financial
Food
Geographic
Government
Health
People
Sports
Tech

For instance, Credit Card Debt Statistics: Total U.S. credit card debt, $793.1 Billion. Average credit card debt per household, $15,799. Average household debt, $54,000.

Wednesday, March 6, 2013

New York State Sporting License Sales Summary

The NYS Department of Environmental Conservation tracks statistics of the various hunting and fishing licenses offered in New York State. One could go to the main DEC page and search for license sales summary; the information will be the link to the first result.

At the very bottom of the page is a link to Sales by County. When you download a year's report by county - the data goes back to the 2002-2003 season - one will see plus signs (+) in the far left column that, when clicked on, will provide additional info for that particular county.

Tuesday, March 5, 2013

Opinion: the rich get so much more out of their dependence on the state than the poor

If the poor are dependent on the state, so, too, are America’s rich. The extraordinary accumulation of wealth enjoyed by the socioeconomic elite — in 2007, the richest 1 percent of Americans accounted for about 24 percent of all income — simply wouldn’t be possible if the United States weren’t organized as it is. Just about every aspect of America’s economic and legal infrastructure — the laissez-faire governance of the markets; a convoluted tax structure that has hedge fund managers paying less than their office cleaners; the promise of state intervention when banks go belly-up; the legal protections afforded to corporations as if they were people; the enormous subsidies given to corporations (in total, about 50 percent more than social services spending); electoral funding practices that allow the wealthy to buy influence in government — allows the rich to stay rich and get richer. In primitive societies, people can accumulate only as much stuff as they can physically gather and hold on to. It’s only in “advanced” societies that the state provides the means to socioeconomic domination by a tiny minority.

More from HERE.

Monday, March 4, 2013

Megacommuters: 600K in U.S. Travel 90 Minutes, 50 Miles to Work; 10.8 Million Travel an Hour Each Way

About 8.1 percent of U.S. workers have commutes of 60 minutes or longer, 4.3 percent work from home, and nearly 600,000 full-time workers had “megacommutes” of at least 90 minutes and 50 miles. The average one-way daily commute for workers across the country is 25.5 minutes, and one in four commuters leave their county to work.

These figures come from the U.S. Census Bureau’s annual American Community Survey, which provides local statistics on a variety of topics for even the smallest communities.

According to Out-of-State and Long Commutes: 2011, 23.0 percent of workers with long commutes (60 minutes or more) use public transit, compared with 5.3 percent for all workers. Only 61.1 percent of workers with long commutes drove to work alone, compared with 79.9 percent for all workers who worked outside the home.

“The average travel time for workers who commute by public transportation is higher than that of workers who use other modes. For some workers, using transit is a necessity, but others simply choose a longer travel time over sitting in traffic,” said Brian McKenzie, a Census Bureau statistician and author of the brief.

Rail travel accounted for 11.8 percent of workers with long commutes, and other forms of public transportation accounted for 11.2 percent.

Workers who live in New York state show the highest rate of long commutes at 16.2 percent, followed by Maryland and New Jersey at 14.8 percent and 14.6 percent, respectively. The estimates for Maryland and New Jersey are not statistically different from each other. These states and several others with high rates of long commutes contain or are adjacent to large metropolitan areas.

Based on the 2006-2010 American Community Survey, 586,805 full-time workers are mega commuters — one in 122 of full-time workers. Mega commuters were more likely to be male, older, married, make a higher salary, and have a spouse who does not work. Of the total mega commutes, 75.4 percent were male and 24.6 percent women. Mega commuters were also more likely to depart for work before 6 a.m. Metro areas with large populations tend to attract large flows of mega commuters, according to Mega Commuting in the U.S.

Commuting Across County Lines

More than a fourth of all U.S. workers commute outside the county where they live, according to County-to-County Commuting Flows: 2006-2010, a report on commutes between counties. About 27.4 percent of all U.S. workers traveled outside the county where they live for work during a typical week, compared with 26.7 percent in 2000.

[See the Commuting Flows in Your County]

Small counties and county equivalents dominate the list of counties with the highest percentage of workers commuting outside the county where they live. Several of these counties are in Virginia or Georgia within close proximity to metro areas such as Washington, D.C., and Atlanta: including Manassas Park, Va. (91.2 percent), Echols County, Ga. (85.3 percent), Storey County, Ga. (84.6 percent), Camden County, N.C. (83.2 percent), Long County, Ga. (82.1 percent), Carroll County, Miss. (81.8 percent), and Falls Church, Va. (81.8 percent). Because of the margins of error, these percentages are not statistically different from several of the others.

Three counties in the New York City metropolitan area had the highest number of commuters leaving the county where they live for another county. They include workers living in Kings County (Brooklyn), Queens County (Queens) and Bronx County (The Bronx) traveling to New York County (Manhattan) for work.

Workers commuting from Los Angeles County to Orange County, and from Orange County to Los Angeles County in California represented the fourth and fifth largest flows of commuters across county lines, followed by three combinations in the Houston or Dallas metro areas in Texas.

Out-of-State Commutes

The Census Bureau also examined workers who commute across state lines.

In five states and the District of Columbia, one in 10 workers lived in a different state, according to the Out-of-State and Long Commutes: 2011 brief. Among these are several small Eastern states, including Delaware (14.8 percent), Rhode Island (12.8 percent), New Hampshire (10.8 percent) and West Virginia (10.0 percent). North Dakota also showed a high rate of workers who live in a different state at 11.6 percent. The percentages for New Hampshire and North Dakota are not statistically different from each other.

Among all workers in the District of Columbia, 72.4 percent live in a different state. Workers from just two states, Maryland and Virginia, accounted for 70.4 percent who work in the District of Columbia.

“The District of Columbia is a job center for all of its adjoining counties in Maryland and Virginia,” McKenzie said. “No other state’s workforce exceeded 20.0 percent in its rate of out-of-state commuters.”

New Hampshire (17.0), Delaware (16.4), Rhode Island (15.6), New Jersey (14.0) and West Virginia (12.1) also had high percentages of residents leaving the state for work. The percentage for Delaware is not statistically different from the percentages of New Hampshire and Rode Island.

The District of Columbia also had the highest rate of residents traveling across state lines to work at 25.2 percent, followed by Maryland at 18.3 percent. About 12.0 percent of Maryland workers commute to the District of Columbia, and about 13.0 percent of workers living in the nation’s capital commute to Maryland.

The Census Bureau is also releasing an infographic that provides a statistical snapshot about home-based workers in the United States. This infographic presents recent historical trends as well as economic and social characteristics of people working from home at least one day per week. The infographic looks at statistics from the Survey of Income and Program Participation and the American Community Survey. Learn more about home-based workers.

Friday, March 1, 2013

U.S. Government Printing Office Joins Pinterest

The U.S. Government Printing Office (GPO) expands its social media presence by joining Pinterest. Connecting people through ‘things’ they find interesting is the founding principle of Pinterest and a natural fit with GPO’s core mission of Keeping America Informed on the three branches of the Federal Government. GPO will use Pinterest to share historic photos, videos, products, and Government publications with the public. Pinterest joins GPO’s other social media platforms of Facebook, Twitter, YouTube, and Government Book Talk blog.


Link to GPO’s Pinterest
More of the story.